There are four primary abnormalities of acid-base balance:
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
These can be differentiated on the basis of changes in pH, serum [HCO3-] and pCO2.
For each abnormality click on the change you would expect to see:
pH | serum [HCO3-] | pCO2 | ||||
Metabolic acidosis | Increased | Reduced | Increased | Reduced | Increased | Reduced |
Metabolic alkalosis | Increased | Reduced | Increased | Reduced | Increased | Reduced |
Respiratory acidosis | Increased | Reduced | Increased | Reduced | Increased | Reduced |
Respiratory alkalosis | Increased | Reduced | Increased | Reduced | Increased | Reduced |