Normal regulation of acid-base balance

Hydrogen ions are generated by normal metabolism and by loss of alkali in stools.  Normally the H⁺ are immediately buffered by the bodies alkali stores and when the kidneys excrete a H⁺ the alkali (bicarbonate) is regenerated.  The acid is excreted as NH₄⁺ or titratable acid (such as H₂PO₄).

Abnormalities of acid excretion or bicarbonate regeneration by the kidneys leads to renal tubular acidosis.

What does the kidney do?

1. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
2. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

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